Do You Lose Your HSA When You Quit Your Job?

General Criteria

Your HSA is established in your name, so you own it. If you leave your job, your money still belongs to you. Although others can fund your account, there can only be one owner. For instance, if you and your husband want to have an HSA, you both have to open your own accounts. To keep funding your account, you must have coverage under a high deductible health plan. You also can’t be enrolled in Medicare, no one else is allowed to claim you as a dependent on their tax return and you typically can’t have any other health coverage besides a HDHP. As of 2013, the Internal Revenue Service says you can squirrel away up to $6,450 for family coverage and up to $3,250 for individual coverage in your HSA. That’s including your employer’s contributions.

Tax Deduction

Self-employed people can establish HSAs and take a deduction on their tax return. Employees, however, get to fund their account with pretax money. This means you don’t pay federal income tax, Social Security tax, Medicare tax and possibly state income tax on your payroll deductions. It also means you can’t take a deduction on your tax return since you already got one when your employer subtracted the money from your gross wages. Any matching funds your employer gives you are also tax-free.

Plan Continuation

To keep putting money in your HSA, you must have a HDHP either through an insurance policy you bought on your own, through your new employer or through your former employer’s Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act’s plan. COBRA lets you keep receiving healthcare benefits under your old employer’s plan after you’ve left the company. It also makes you eligible to keep funding your HSA or to open a new one. To keep making pretax or after-tax contributions to your HSA, you must have a HDHP. If not, you can keep using the funds in your account, but you can’t put any more money into it. Also, if your old employer covered your HSA administration cost, you might be responsible for that fee after you’ve quit.

Investment Options

You can invest the money in your HSA in stocks, certificate of deposits, annuities or mutual funds. Investment options vary by provider. For instance, to invest in the provider’s mutual funds, you might need a minimum balance in your HSA, such as $2,000. If you have a retirement plan or health flexible spending account, you might be able to roll over a certain amount in those plans into your HSA.

Distribution

The money in your HSA rolls over from year to year and stays there until you use it. You don’t pay federal taxes on your interest and earnings, but state taxes may apply. You can withdraw your money any time you want, as long as you use it for qualified medical reasons. If not, you might have to pay a 20-percent penalty plus income taxes on the withdrawal.